روان‌شناسی و آموزش و پرورش کودکان و نوجوانان استثنائی: رویکرد فراگیر و رهائی‌بخش

The same as other fields of human sciences inevitably is based on some kind of philosophy of life and philosophy of science. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate to find out what are the philosophical characteristics of educational system and exceptional children education system in Iran. This article, that focuses on comprehensive and emancipation approach is based on the "philosophy of scientific and eternal wisdom" as well as the "Persian Life Therapy" approach. All children and adolescents of ages 5 to 18 years, despite their human commonalities, are, biologically, and, psychologically, different from each other so we may argue that every child and adolescent is exceptional and that as much as he or she grows up, he or she more exceptional having more special education needs. Furthermore, every child and adolescent who is developing in a figven family, society, culture, and a historical period, is an exceptional one compared with the children and adolescents of other families, societies, cultures, and historical periods. If we accept that, according to the international statistics, at least 12 percent of all population, ages 5 to 18 are exceptional, we will see that the exceptional education system of Iran covers only less than 7 percent of the mentioned population. Philosophical basis and quality of education for this group of students is still more problematic. The understanding and treating children and adolescents by Exceptional Education system of Iran is mostly traditional and educationist. It does not consider "multiple disabilities", "correct thinking deficiencies", "identity and personality diffusions", "social and cultural I earned helplessness", "psychopathic and "anti-civilized characteristics" which are very popular among students and people. The present problematic traditional and reductionist approach will be removed if we consider the comprehensive and all-rounded human rights of children and adolescents according to the right philosophy of life and philosophy of scientific and eternal wisdom.